| Carbonization Chamber | Silica Brick |
| Stove | High alumina Brick Sllimanite Brick |
| Combustion Chamber | Clay Bricks (Checker Bricks) Silica Bricks |
| Flue | Clay Bricks |
| Unshaped material | Clay Monolithic Refractory |
A coke oven is a type of furnace designed to convert coal into coke, made from refractory bricks and blocks. It is considered the primary thermal equipment for coking. The modern version of coke ovens are typically horizontal and used mainly for the production of metallurgical coke, as well as recovering by-products of coking. The furnace body of a coke oven is comprised of several parts including the furnace top, combustion chamber, carbonization chamber, inclined tunnel, and heat storage chamber, all of which are connected through flues and chimneys. The coke oven is constructed on a concrete foundation and although the basic structure remains the same, there are variations in coal charging methods, heating methods, and fuels used which result in different types of coke ovens.
A modern coke oven is composed of a coking chamber, combustion chamber, regenerative chamber, inclined channel, furnace top, foundation, flue, and other components. In the coking chamber, coal is heated in an air-isolated environment and turned into coke. Refractory materials, such as silicon bricks, are used to separate the coking and combustion chambers within a coke oven. Typically, a coke oven consists of numerous chambers for coking and combustion, with each chamber being isolated from the others by these refractory materials. Each combustion chamber has 20 to 30 vertical burners.
Preheated gas from the regenerative chamber (high-calorie gas is not preheated) and air meet at the bottom of the burner and burn, providing heat to the coking chamber from the side. The regenerative chamber is located in the lower part of the coke oven and uses high-temperature exhaust gas to preheat the gas and air used for heating.
The inclined channel is a sloping passage connecting the regenerative chamber and combustion chamber. The furnace top is the part above the coking and combustion chambers, and its thickness is determined according to the strength of the furnace body and the need to reduce the surface temperature of the furnace top.
The furnace top area has coal charging holes and riser holes leading to the coking chamber, used for charging coal and discharging coke oven gas produced during dry distillation of coal. There are also observation holes leading to each burner for temperature measurement and flame inspection. Based on the test results, temperature and pressure are adjusted.
The entire coke oven is built on a strong and flat concrete foundation, and each regenerative chamber is connected to the flue through a waste gas hood. The flue is located inside or on both sides of the foundation, and one end is connected to the chimney.
